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BEAM robotics

The mechanisms and principles
The basic principles of BEAM focus on a stimulus-response ability based on one machine. The underlying mechanism was invented by Mark W. Tilden, when using the circuit (or network of neurons Nv Nv) to simulate biological neuron behavior. Some research Similar was done previously by Ed Rietman in 'Experiments In Artificial Neural Networks. Tilden circuit is often compared to a shift register, but with several features important as it is a useful circuit in a mobile robot.
Other rules include (and to varying degrees applied):
Use the fewest possible number of elements e ("keep it simple")
Recycling and reuse technoscrap
Using radiant energy (like solar)
There are a number BEAM robots designed to use solar power from small solar panels to power a "solar engine," creating autonomous robots capable of in a wide range of lighting conditions. In addition to the single layer of calculation of "Nervous Networks Tilden, the bundle has brought a multitude of useful tools for the specialist toolbox robots. The Solar engine "of the circuit, many H-bridge circuits for controlling small motors, touch sensors designs, and meso-scale (palm size) the robot construction techniques have been documented and shared by the BEAM community.
BEAM robots
Being focused on "based in the reaction "behavior (as had been inspired by the work of Rod Brooks), BEAM robotics tries to copy the characteristics and behavior of organisms natural, with the ultimate goal of domestication of these "wild" robots. BEAM robotics also promotes the value of aesthetics in the design of the device which proves the adage "form follows function."
The differences in the name
Several people have different ideas about what it really means BEAM. The most widely accepted meaning of Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics and Mechanics.
This term originated with Mark Tilden during an argument the Ontario Science Centre in 1990. Mark was showing a selection of their original robots he had built while working at the University of Waterloo.
Without But there are many other semi-popular names in use, including:
Ethology Biotechnology Analogy Morphology
Evolution of construction of Anarchy Modularity
Microcontrollers
Unlike many other types of robots controlled by microcontrollers, BEAM robots are based on the principle of using multiple simple behaviors directly related to sensor systems with little signal conditioning. This design philosophy is closely echoed in the classic book "Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology." Through a series of experiments, this book explores the development of behavior the robot through simple inhibitory and excitatory complex links sensors actuators. Microcontrollers and programming are not usually part of a traditional (aka., "Pure") beam due to the large design philosophy focused on low hardware robot.
There are designs robots successful mating of the two technologies. These hybrids "comply with a requirement that need robust control systems with the flexibility of dynamic programming such as" horse and rider "BEAMbots topology (ed., The 3 ScoutWalker is a robot). The body of the physical robot (the" horse ") is controlled by traditional technology beam, and programming the microcontroller and influences (and if necessary, subsumes) the body of the robot from the corridor "position." The rider component is not necessary for the robot to work, but without it the robot will lose the important influence of a brain "smarter" that tells you what to do.
Type
There are several "-trope" BEAMbots, trying to achieve a specific goal. In the series, the phototropes are the most prevalent, such as search light would more beneficial to conduct a solar-powered robot.
React Audiotropes sound sources.
Audiophiles go to sources of sound.
Audiophobes go away from sound sources.
Phototropes ("light-seekers") react to light sources.
Photophiles (also Photovores) go to sources light.
Photophobes go away from light sources.
Radiotropes react to radio frequency sources.
Radiophiles go to RF sources.
Radiophobes disappears from RF sources.
Thermotropes react to heat.
Thermophilic go to sources of heat.
Thermophobes go away from heat sources.
General
BEAMbots have a variety of movements and positioning mechanisms. These include:
Nanny: Stationary robots physically purposeful person.
Beacons: transmits a signal (usually a bump in shipping) for BEAMbots other use.
Pummers: Show a spectacle "of light."
Ornaments: A catchall name for caregivers who are not beacons or pummers.
Squirmers: stationary robots that perform an interesting action (usually moving a kind of limbs or appendages).
Magbots: Using magnetic fields to the animation mode.
Bearers: Move one screen (or "flag") around a certain frequency.
Heads: Pivot and follow some detectable phenomena, like light (These are very popular in the BEAM community. They can be independent robots, but are often incorporated into a larger robot.).
Vibrators: Use a small pager motor with a weight off-center to shudder about.
Sliders: Robots that move body parts sliding smoothly along a surface while remaining in contact with him.
Snakes: Move using horizontal wave motion.
Earthworms: Move using a longitudinal wave motion.
Crawlers: Robots that move using the tracks or material robot body with a kind of appendix. The body of the robot crawling on the floor.
Turbot: Roll around the body by using your arm (s) or flagella.
Meters PalmOS: Move hand in front of their bodies, while the rest of the chassis is on the ground.
Tracked robots: Use track wheel, like a tank.
Bridges: robots that drive off the land as a means of locomotion.
Vibrobots: Produce a trembling irregular motion moving around a surface.
Springbots: Move forward for the rebound, in particular, a direction.
Rollers: Robots that move by rolling all or part of your body.
Symets: Driven by using a single engine with axis of the floor, and moves in different directions depending on which of several contact points are symmetrical about the axis touching the ground.
Solarrollers: solar car using an engine that will drive one or more wheels, often designed to complete a fairly short, straight and level course in the shortest time possible.
Poppers: The use of two motors with different solar engines, have differential sensors to achieve a goal.
Miniballs: Change your center of mass, making their bodies ball rolling.
Walkers: Robots that move with the ground with legs contact differential.
Motor Driven: Use motors to move the legs (usually 3 motors or less).
Muscle Wire Driven: Using nitinol (nickel - titanium alloy) wire actuator for leg.
Swimmers: Robots that move above or below the surface of a liquid (usually water).
Boatbots: Operating on a liquid surface.
Subbots: Operating under the surface of a liquid.
Flyers: Robots that move through the air for long periods.
Helicopters: Use a power rotor to provide lift and propulsion.
Plans: The use fixed or wings to soar.
Blimps: Use a balloon-neutrally buoyant for uplift.
Climbers: Robot that moves upwards or down on a vertical surface, usually on a track, like a rope or wire.
Current applications and progress
Currently, autonomous robots have seen limited commercial application, with some exceptions such as the iRobot Roomba vacuum cleaner robot and a few robots mowing. The main application BEAM practice has been in the rapid prototyping of motion systems and a hobby / education applications. Mark Tilden has been used successfully for the creation BEAM a prototype product for Wow Wee Robotics, as evidenced by the "proto-Robosapien" Biodroid "BIOBug and Roboraptor. Solarbotics Ltd., Bug'n'Bots, JCM Inventures Inc., and have also brought related mania PagerMotors.com BEAM and educational items for the market. Vex Hexbugs has also developed, small BEAM robots.
BEAM robotics applicants often have problems with the lack of direct control over "pure" beam control circuitry. There is work underway to evaluate biomorphic techniques that copy natural systems, since they seem to have an incredible advantage performance than traditional techniques. There are many examples of how tiny insect brains are capable of much better performance than most advanced microelectronics.
Another barrier to the widespread application of technology BEAM is the random nature of perception "of the nerve network, which requires new techniques to be learned by the manufacturer to successfully diagnose and manipulate the characteristics of the circuits. A reflection group of international scholars meet annually in Telluride, Colorado to address this issue directly, and until recently, Mark Tilden has been part of this effort (which had to withdraw due to business commitments with new Wow Wee toys).
With no long-term memory, BEAM robots generally do not learn from past behavior. However, it has been working in the BEAM community to address this issue. One of the most advanced robots BEAM this sense Hider Bruce Robinson, who has a high degree of capacity for less microprocessor design.
Publications
Patents
U.S. Patent 613 809 - Method and apparatus for motion control mechanism of the vehicle - "Tesla telautomaton" patent, First logic gate.
U.S. Patent 5325031 - Adaptive robotic nervous systems and for this the control circuits - Patent Tilden, a self-stabilizing control circuit using pulse circuit delay to control a robotic limb to limb, and a robot incorporating such a circuit, artificial "neurons."
Books and papers
Conrad, James M., and Jonathan W. Mills, "Stiquito: advanced experiments with a simple and inexpensive robot," the future for nitinol-propelled walking robots, Mark W. Tilden. The Alamitos, California, IEEE Computer Society Press, c1998. LCCN 96029883 ISBN 0-8186-7408-3
Tilden, W. Mark and Brosl Hasslacher, "living machines." Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87 545, USA.
Tilden, W. Mark and Brosl Hasslacher, "the design of" machines Biomech Life ": How low can you go? ". Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87 545, USA.
However, Susanne, and Mark W. Tilden, "Controller four-legged walking machine." ETH Zuerich, Institute of Neuroinformatics, and Division of Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Braitenberg, Valentino, "Vehicles: Experiments Synthetic Psychology ", 1984. ISBN 0-262-52112-1
Rietman, Ed, "Experiments In Artificial Neural Networks, 1988. ISBN 0-8306-0237-2
Tilden, W. Mark and Brosl Hasslacher, "Robotics and Autonomous Machines: The Biology and Technology of Intelligent Autonomous Agents", ID LANL Book: LA-UR-94-2636, spring 1995.
Dewdney, AK "Photovores: intelligent robots are built from castoffs." Scientific American September 1992, V267, n3, p42 (1)
Smit, Michael C. and Mark Tilden, "Beam Robotics." Algorithm, vol. 2, No. 2, March 1991, p. 15-19.
Hrynkiw, M. David, and Tilden, W. Mark, "Junkbots, Bugbots and Bots on Wheels, 2002. ISBN 0-07-222601-3 (book website support)
See also
People
Mark Tilden, a robotics physicist.
Brosl Hasslacher, a theoretical physicist.
William Grey Walter: neurophysiologist and a specialist in robots.
Robotics
Wired intelligence: a robot that is not scheduled, and which has a microprocessor, analog electronics between the sensors and engines that give seemingly intelligent actions.
Behavior-based robotics: Robotics branch that does not use an internal model of the environment.
behavior emerging: the formation of complex patterns of simpler rules.
BEAMbot types
Analog Robot: A robot that uses analog circuits for move towards a simple goal
Photovore: a robot that seeks light and uses it to power.
Solarroller: a robot dragster led by sunlight.
Turtle (robot): early forms of the turtlebot were the beginning of work BEAM
Stiquito: a robot designed as an avid power walker hexapod nitinol
Other
List of protosciences: Overview of new area of scientific activity in the process of establishment.
Elements
Nevada Network: Nv neurons connected in a loop.
Monocor: This term can mean specifically a Nv neuron is a simple oscillator. More generally, however, is used to denote a connection bicores pair.
Bicores: Red Nv loop topology with two neurons Nv. There is land and suspended bicores bicores.
Tricore: Red Nv loop topology with three neurons Nv.
Microcores: closed circuit implementation of a neural network responsible for control of direct drive. Any network Nv greater than or equal to four, but specifically any multicore number prefix (such as a QuadCore, Quincore, Hexcore, Septcore, Octacore, etc)
References cited
Community ^ beams
^ The ScoutWalker 3
^ "Biodroid" Prototype Gallery Robosapien
^ Institute of Neuromorphic Engineering (INE)
^ Bruce Robinson Hider
External Links
Solarbotics, BEAM robotics community server - There are many resources, but not updated since 2003.
BEAM Robotics Wiki
"Robots." PiTronics (xs4all.nl), 09 October 2004.
Van Zoelen, AA, "The MicroCore." BEAM Robotics.
Boerema Jr., L. Clifford, "Droidmakr Workshop."
Robinson, Bruce N., "Hitler." Robinson Robots, 2005.
Walker, Kevin, Mark Tilden interview. "Exposure Investigation, March 2000.
Fang, Yuan-Chiu, "BEAM Robotics." 1999. (Historic Site)
TomboT.net
D. Mancini, "BeamItaly" - Robots and the Community (TI), 1998.
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